Last Updated on October 22, 2023 by Kevin Chen
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Are you looking for an operational amplifier that has a low voltage and power consumption, then you should consider getting the LM324 op-amp.
The LM324 op-amp is a quad-channel operational amplifier which means that it has four individual amplifiers in one package.
This makes it perfect for applications such as filtering and signal conditioning. It is also suitable for use as a comparator and can be used with a wide range of input and output voltages.
This makes it a great choice for many applications.
Read on as we discuss everything you should know about this operational amplifier.
How does the LM324 operational amplifier work?
The working principle of LM324 operational amplifier is pretty simple. It is a differential amplifier, meaning it amplifies the difference between two input voltages, and outputs a single voltage that is proportional to this difference.
It is made up of four independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated operational amplifiers, allowing the circuit to gain up the difference between two signals while rejecting the common-mode voltage.
This makes it possible to easily amplify small signals with a high degree of accuracy and stability. The LM324 also features low input bias and offset currents, making it ideal for use in signal conditioning and signal processing applications.
This working principle also means that you will not have to introduce an external resistor to the circuit. This is possible because the LM324 has an internal frequency compensation, which eliminates the need for an external resistor.
LM324 pin configuration and functions
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LM324 op-amp has 14 pins and here are their configurations and respective functions 1. Inverting Input: This pin is used to provide an inverted input voltage to the op-amp.
- Non-Inverting Input: This pin is used to provide a non-inverted input voltage to the op-amp.
- VCC: This pin is used to provide a positive voltage supply to the op-amp.
- Output: This pin is used to provide the output voltage of the op-amp.
- GND: This pin is used to provide a common ground connection for the op-amp.
- Offset Null: This pin is used to adjust the output offset voltage of the op-amp.
- Inverting Output: This pin is used to provide an inverted output voltage of the op-amp. 8. Non-Inverting Output: This pin is used to provide a non-inverted output voltage of the op-amp.
- Output Short-Circuit Protection: This pin is used to protect the op-amp from output short-circuits.
- Offset Null: This pin is used to adjust the offset voltage of the op-amp.
- Input Protection: This pin is used to protect the op-amp from input short.
- Output Protection: This pin is used to protect the op-amp from output short-circuits. 13. Negative Supply Voltage: This pin is used to provide a negative voltage supply to the op-amp.
- Positive Supply Voltage: This pin is used to provide a positive voltage supply to the op-amp.
LM324 technical parameters
Here are the key technical parameters of LM324 operational amplifier.
-Number of channels: It has 4 channels
-Supply voltage range: It has a supply voltage range of 3V to 32V
-Common-mode input voltage range: It has a common-mode input voltage range of 0V to Vcc-1.5V
-Input bias current: It has an input bias current of 0.2mA
-Output voltage swing range: It has an output voltage swing of 0V to Vcc-1.5V
-Gain bandwidth product: It has a gain bandwidth product of 1MHz
-Slew rate: It has a slew rate of 0.5V/µs
-Offset voltage: It has an offset voltage of 2mV
-Input impedance: It has an input impedance of 2MΩ
-Architecture: The amplifier has a bipolar architecture, which means that the output is the difference between two inputs.
-Operational temperature range: It has an operational temperature range of -40°C to +85°C.
Features of LM324 operational amplifier
Let’s now look at the key features of this op-amp and see how they benefit or affect the performance of the LM324 operational amplifier.
Large DC voltage gain
Voltage gain is the ratio of output voltage to input voltage and is usually expressed in decibels (dB). The LM324 has a large DC voltage gain of 200,000 or 120 dB, which means that even a small input signal can be amplified to a large output voltage. This makes it ideal for applications such as signal amplification and filtering.
Wide supply voltage range
The LM324 can operate from a wide supply voltage range of 3V to 32V, making it suitable for a variety of applications. This wide range ensures that the op-amp can be used in a variety of circuits and applications.
Low power consumption:
The LM324 is a low power consuming op-amp, with a typical quiescent current of only 0.5mA. This low power consumption makes it especially suitable for battery powered applications.
High input impedance
The LM324 has a high input impedance of 1GΩ, meaning that it can easily handle high-impedance signals without any significant loading effects. This makes it suitable for use in high-impedance signal conditioning and sensing applications.
Independent of supply voltage
The LM324 is independent of supply voltage, meaning that the output voltage is not affected by changes in the supply voltage. This makes it suitable for use in applications where the supply voltage may fluctuate.
Wide bandwidth
The bandwidth of an op-amp is the frequency range over which the op-amp is able to accurately amplify signals. The LM324 has a wide bandwidth of 1.5MHz, making it suitable for applications such as audio frequency signal amplification.
Low input offset voltage
The input offset voltage of an op-amp is the voltage that must be applied at the input of the op-amp in order to achieve a zero output voltage. The LM324 has a low input offset voltage of only 0.3mV, which means that it can accurately amplify small signals without any errors.
Applications of LM324 operational amplifier
- The most common LM324 applications include:
- Signal conditioning and waveform generation
- Active filters for audio and low-frequency signals
- Voltage- and current-to-frequency converters
- Low-power control and monitoring circuits
- Precision rectifier circuits
- Active wave-shaping circuits
- Low-power audio amplifiers
- High-gain instrumentation amplifiers
- Power supply regulation
- Voltage comparators and level detectors
Conclusion
The LM324 operational amplifier is a versatile and widely used device that is capable of many different applications.
It is an ideal choice for basic analog signal conditioning and amplification, as well as more advanced applications such as power management, audio processing, and frequency response correction.
And in case you would like to buy this op-amp in China, ensure that you choose the best supplier.
This is where ICRFQ comes in. We are a reliable sourcing agent in China that provides you with the best suppliers who offer the highest quality LM324 operational amplifiers at the best prices.
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